Overview This Tax Strategy outlines our approach to tax governance, compliance, and risk management across the jurisdictions in which we operate. It reflects our commitment to maintaining high standards of integrity, transparency, and responsible tax practices while complying with all applicable tax laws and regulatory requirements. This strategy is reviewed periodically by senior management and forms an integral part of our corporate governance framework. Taxes We Pay and Collect As part of our business activities, we are responsible for paying and collecting a range of taxes, including, where applicable: Corporate income tax. Employer payroll taxes and social security contributions. Value Added Tax (VAT) and other indirect taxes. Withholding taxes. Other statutory taxes and regulatory levies. We also collect and remit certain taxes on behalf of employees, customers, and tax authorities in accordance with applicable legislation. Tax Governance We maintain robust internal controls and governance processes to ensure our tax affairs are managed responsibly and consistently. Tax-related decisions are made with appropriate oversight, taking into account legal requirements, regulatory expectations, and the commercial objectives of the business. Tax Risk Management We adopt a prudent and responsible approach to tax risk. Our objective is to ensure full compliance with applicable tax legislation while identifying, assessing, and managing potential tax risks through effective internal controls and governance procedures. We maintain a zero-tolerance approach to tax evasion and implement policies and procedures designed to prevent tax fraud, financial crime, and other forms of non-compliance. Approach to Tax Planning We pursue tax efficiency only where it supports genuine commercial activities and is consistent with both the intent and the spirit of applicable tax laws. We do not participate in artificial, aggressive, or abusive tax arrangements designed solely to obtain inappropriate tax advantages. Any tax planning undertaken is supported by legitimate business purposes and aligns with our commitment to responsible corporate conduct. Relationship with Tax Authorities We seek to maintain constructive, professional, and transparent relationships with tax authorities in every jurisdiction where we operate. Where tax legislation is unclear or subject to interpretation, we engage openly with the relevant authorities and, where appropriate, seek professional advice to ensure compliance with applicable laws. Our Commitment Responsible tax management is an important part of our overall governance framework. We remain committed to complying with our tax obligations, managing tax risks appropriately, and maintaining transparent relationships with regulators and tax authorities while supporting sustainable business growth and long-term value creation.